ACTIVE PARTICIPLE/ PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V- ING)

Active Participle/ Present Participle (V-ing)

ð  Digunakan untuk menerangkan orang/ benda yang melakukan pekerjaan.

 Pattern:

Orang/ Benda+ V-ing+ P+ O     

                                         S                             V/ be

                                                 Or

S+ P+ Orang/ Benda+ V-ing

V/ be               O

Example:

a)      The man wearing a cap is my father

b)      I like the man wearing a cap

Function:

1.       Untuk menggantikan Adjective Clause  yang menggunakan “WHO dan WHICH”

Pattern:

Ø  Adj clause           : orang/ benda+ who/ which+ tobe/ V/ S/ Modals

Ø  Act participle      : orang/ benda+ V-ing

Ex: mrs. Ina is a teacher. She works in SMPN 8

Adj clause           : mrs. Ina who works in SMPN 8 is a teacher

Act participle      : mrs. Ina working in SMPN 8 is a teacher

Ex: The cat is sleeping under the tree. It is mine

Adj clause           : the cat which is sleeping under the tree is mine

Act participle      : the cat sleeping under the tree is mine

2.       Untuk menggantikan 2 kalimat yang memiliki “Subyek yang sama”

a)      Untuk menggantikan kata penghubung “WHEN/ WHILE”

Ex: While he was reading magazine, he drank coffee è reading magazine, he drank coffee

Ex: When they were sitting under the tree, they saw an accident è sitting under the tree, they saw an accident

b)      Untuk menggantikan kalimat yang menggunakan kata sambung “AFTER/ BEFORE”

Pattern:

After/ Before+ S+ Had/ Have+ V3 è Having+ V3+ S

Ex: after I had breakfast, I wentt to school è having had breakfast, I went to school

Ex: he had studied the lesson before he slept è having studied the lesson, he slept

Ex: after I had finished operating the computer, I switched off it è having finished operating the computer, I switches off it

c)       Untuk menggantikan kalimat yang menggunakan kata sambung “Because/ as/ since/ for” ada 2 pola;

Ø  Jika terdapat kata;  because+ S+ tobe è being+ A.N.A

Ex: because she is busy, she can’t come here è being busy, she can’t come here

Ex: because I am lazy, I don’t do the test è being lazy, I don’t do the test

Ø  Jika terdapat kata; because+ S+ V è V-ing+ O

Ex: because I have much money, I buy a car è having money much, I buy a car

Ex: as/ because he didn’t know the answer, he kept silent è not knowing the answer, he kept silent

Ex: because bandung is surrounded by mountain, it has cool climate è surrounded by mountain, it has cool climate